By Munacho Gwamanda-President Emmerson Mnangagwa has introduced a new public holiday to Zimbabwe’s calendar, naming it Munhumutapa Day. 

The holiday, set for September 15, 2025, pays homage to the historical Mutapa Kingdom but has sparked debate over its political undertones.

Critics argue that Mnangagwa is using this public holiday to consolidate power and craft his legacy while sidelining the history of former President Robert Mugabe.

Since his ascent to power through a military coup in November 2017, Mnangagwa has actively renamed streets, buildings, and national landmarks, even commissioning statues of himself and historical figures like Mbuya Nehanda to assert influence.

In an official announcement, the government formalised the holiday under General Notice 954 of 2024, invoking Section 2(1) of the Public Holidays and Prohibition of Business Act [Chapter 10:21]. Citizens were reminded that under Section 2(2) of the same law, the president holds the authority to declare public holidays at any time.

The government warned businesses against contravening the Act, stating that violations could result in fines, imprisonment of up to six months, or both.

The Mutapa Kingdom, which flourished after the decline of Great Zimbabwe, symbolised African sovereignty and resistance. 

Founded by Nyatsimba Mutota in the 15th century, the kingdom controlled vast trade networks and centralised governance.

The legacy of the Mutapa Kingdom inspired Zimbabwe’s liberation struggle, with nationalist leaders drawing on its history of resistance to foreign domination to mobilise support. 

By invoking this heritage, Mnangagwa seeks to cement his narrative of national pride, albeit amid controversy over its true intent.

Observers remain divided, with some celebrating the recognition of African history. 

In contrast, others criticise the holiday as a political manoeuvre designed to overshadow past leaders and divert attention from pressing national issues.